split TRIDENT and KM3Net
This commit is contained in:
parent
783c60172d
commit
5d872a5d74
|
|
@ -1,29 +1,3 @@
|
||||||
## Deep-sea deployment of the TRIDENT neutrino telescope detection units
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
### Design of TRIDENT DU
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
*Version @Mar. 2024*
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<img src="./img/TRIDENT_DU.jpg" width="800">
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
#### DU Parameters (设备参数)
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
| 整体尺寸 | 空气中重量 | 水中重量 |
|
|
||||||
| ------- | -------- | ------- |
|
|
||||||
| 3m\*5m*5m | ~5.7T | ~3T |
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
#### 布放要求
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
- 布放10个串列(DU)
|
|
||||||
- 布放位置精度在1米以内
|
|
||||||
- 水下湿插拔操作将DU接进接驳盒(Junction Box)
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
#### 作业海域
|
|
||||||
- 布放点位置:N, E
|
|
||||||
- 布放点水深:
|
|
||||||
- 布放点流场环境
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
### Design and deployment of KM3Net DU
|
### Design and deployment of KM3Net DU
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
#### Geological and physical oceanography background of KM3Net sites
|
#### Geological and physical oceanography background of KM3Net sites
|
||||||
|
|
@ -56,16 +30,27 @@
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
After `10 sea-trials`, the first complete DU-string deployments were successfully launched with the complete unrolling of an ARCA DU-string up to 750 m long, the undamaged exiting of optical modules and backbone cable and the surfacing of the LOM.`Loading the LOM and deploying it to the seafloor are procedures that require training of dedicated teams. `
|
After `10 sea-trials`, the first complete DU-string deployments were successfully launched with the complete unrolling of an ARCA DU-string up to 750 m long, the undamaged exiting of optical modules and backbone cable and the surfacing of the LOM.`Loading the LOM and deploying it to the seafloor are procedures that require training of dedicated teams. `
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
#### photo gallery of KM3Net DU deployment
|
通过以上的文献资料检索,可以判断一些KM3Net的DU(串列)的基本参数:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- 空气中重量2.6吨;
|
||||||
|
- 水中重量550kg;
|
||||||
|
- 布放位置精度要求小于1米;
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
##### Trailer of ARCA Deployment in 2016
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Photo gallery of KM3Net DU deployment
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### Trailer of ARCA Deployment in 2016
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<img src="./img/2016_ARCA_Deployment.gif" width="800">
|
<img src="./img/2016_ARCA_Deployment.gif" width="800">
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
##### trailer of ORCA DU deployment in 2019
|
#### trailer of ORCA DU deployment in 2019
|
||||||
<img src="./img/Onboard_Deployment.gif" width="800">
|
<img src="./img/Onboard_Deployment.gif" width="800">
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Note:
|
Note:
|
||||||
|
|
@ -78,7 +63,7 @@ Note:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
以上两个片段,取自2019年CNRS出品的ORCA串列的布放记录片。
|
以上两个片段,取自2019年CNRS出品的ORCA串列的布放记录片。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
##### September 2021 and June 2022 ARCA Deployment
|
#### September 2021 and June 2022 ARCA Deployment
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
five new detection units of KM3NeT, onboard the Handin Tide
|
five new detection units of KM3NeT, onboard the Handin Tide
|
||||||
此次ARCA的设备布放,是使用了一艘船,该船为Handin Tide,船尾有小型A架,船侧舷有Furgo ROV。
|
此次ARCA的设备布放,是使用了一艘船,该船为Handin Tide,船尾有小型A架,船侧舷有Furgo ROV。
|
||||||
|
|
@ -95,7 +80,7 @@ five new detection units of KM3NeT, onboard the Handin Tide
|
||||||
- 2022年的9月份航次,this was achieved at a record-breaking speed, with 7 detection units installed, connected and unfurled in less than 48 hours!
|
- 2022年的9月份航次,this was achieved at a record-breaking speed, with 7 detection units installed, connected and unfurled in less than 48 hours!
|
||||||
- 21 in ARCA
|
- 21 in ARCA
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
##### October 2023 ARCA Deployment
|
#### October 2023 ARCA Deployment
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The campaign was performed with the `Optimus Prime`, equipped with a `FUGRO` underwater vehicle (ROV).
|
The campaign was performed with the `Optimus Prime`, equipped with a `FUGRO` underwater vehicle (ROV).
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -105,14 +90,14 @@ The campaign was performed with the `Optimus Prime`, equipped with a `FUGRO` und
|
||||||
- 28 in ARCA (看起来是这个航次共布放了7台)
|
- 28 in ARCA (看起来是这个航次共布放了7台)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
##### Dec 2022 ORCA Deployment
|
#### Dec 2022 ORCA Deployment
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
During a sea campaign performed last week, ORCA has been enlarged by means of `4 new detection units`.
|
During a sea campaign performed last week, ORCA has been enlarged by means of `4 new detection units`.
|
||||||
The operation was performed with the Castor ship of Foselev, for deployment of the detection units, and with the Janus II of SAAS (formerly Comex), equipped with a deep-sea remotely operated vehicle, for submarine operations.
|
The operation was performed with the Castor ship of Foselev, for deployment of the detection units, and with the Janus II of SAAS (formerly Comex), equipped with a deep-sea remotely operated vehicle, for submarine operations.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
- 15 DUs in ORCA
|
- 15 DUs in ORCA
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
##### May 2023 ORCA Deployment
|
#### May 2023 ORCA Deployment
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
During a two days sea operation, 27-28 April 2023, `three detection units` were successfully connected to the ORCA detector of KM3NeT `in a record time of just over 24 hours`.
|
During a two days sea operation, 27-28 April 2023, `three detection units` were successfully connected to the ORCA detector of KM3NeT `in a record time of just over 24 hours`.
|
||||||
As usual, the operation was performed with two ships: the Castor of Foselev, for deployment of the detection units, and the Janus II of SAAS (formerly Comex), equipped with a deep-sea remotely operated vehicle, for submarine operations.
|
As usual, the operation was performed with two ships: the Castor of Foselev, for deployment of the detection units, and the Janus II of SAAS (formerly Comex), equipped with a deep-sea remotely operated vehicle, for submarine operations.
|
||||||
|
|
@ -121,5 +106,3 @@ The campaign was performed with the `Optimus Prime`, equipped with a `FUGRO` und
|
||||||
- 18 in ORCA
|
- 18 in ORCA
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
|
||||||
|
## Deep-sea deployment of the TRIDENT neutrino telescope detection units
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Design of TRIDENT DU
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*Version @Mar. 2024*
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<img src="./img/TRIDENT_DU.jpg" width="800">
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### DU Parameters (设备参数)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
| 整体尺寸 | 空气中重量 | 水中重量 |
|
||||||
|
| ------- | -------- | ------- |
|
||||||
|
| 3m\*5m*5m | ~5T | ~1.8T|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### 布放要求
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- 布放10个串列(DU)
|
||||||
|
- 布放位置精度在1米以内
|
||||||
|
- 水下湿插拔操作将DU接进接驳盒(Junction Box)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### 作业海域
|
||||||
|
- 布放点位置:17.4N, 115.0E,距离三亚270海里(单程24H)
|
||||||
|
- 布放点水深:~3800米
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
##### 布放点流场环境
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
<img src="./img/TRIDENT_Position.png" width="800">
|
||||||
|
<img src="./img/TRIDENT_Mooring_Observation.jpg" width="800">
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
临近的潜标观测站位相距布放点200km,可作为海底环境场的参考;
|
||||||
|
初步认知和判断包括:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- The typical flow speed at the KM3NeT sites is between `0.05 and 0.1 m/s`.The maximum horizontal deflection of the top buoy of a 700 m long DU-string under `0.15 m/s` peak current-flow speeds is about `100 m`.
|
||||||
|
- DL5站位观测结果表明,南海3000米以深平均流速在0.05m/s左右,峰值流速接近0.15m/s,特别的,在冬季10月份观测到接近0.4m/s的流速水平,这个相比地中海的环境而言,要更为苛刻一些。所带来的影响是线阵列的横向偏移量会超过100米,而导致相邻缆线之间发生缠绕。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Deployment of TRIDENT DU
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### 布放施工的初步考虑和待解决/讨论的问题清单
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
海铃(TRIDENT)的DU布放深度为3800米,尺寸为3\*5\*5m,空气中重量为5T,水中重量1.8T。(1)该尺寸和重量与探索二号船打捞船载的CTD类似。(2)KM3Net的DU的LOM(lanuch vehicle)圆形球尺寸2.7m,空气中重量2.6吨,水中550kg。(3)另外一个可参考尺寸重量为深海基站:3.5\*4.2*6.5m,空气中19T,水中300kg,如下图。
|
||||||
|
<img src="./img/DS_Basement.png" width="800">
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- 水中重量1.8T,在海况较差情况下,船尾升沉会导致纤维缆上张力超过近5倍;
|
||||||
|
- 一次布放的精度预计在20~40米范围内,因此要达到1米的位置精度,必须要水下机械手参与,对DU进行水下位置的调整。
|
||||||
|
- 要考虑施工和运维成本的问题。施工区域距离三亚24H航渡距离,往返48H,单船往返航渡费用~60万;考虑现有DU的尺寸和甲板占地面积,单船后甲板预计能够携带4~6台。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**施工难点:**
|
||||||
|
- - ------
|
||||||
|
**1. 如何对LOM/DU进行水下位置的移动?**
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- 欧洲的KM3Net是采取了两种方案,一种是利用两条船联合作业,其中DU的布放船具备DP定位能力,另有一艘船携带ROV,两船在安全距离范围内在水下进行作业。另一种方案是利用大型海工船,包括Handin Tide和Optimus Prime,这种船船尾有A架进行布放,船舷侧有ROV,配备了Furgo的作业级ROV。通过KM3Net的网上资料,证实他们有利用ROV对布放尚未着底的DU进行拖拉移位操作。存在的疑问是,(1)布放船一次布放位置的精度能到多少,DU设备临近坐底时,偏移设定位置点偏移多少米;(2)DU设备半悬空的状态下,水中重量550kg,ROV机械手能够拉动和移动的位置有多少米。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- 目前深海所的设备情况是,探索二号纤维缆布放和ROV的布放都在船尾,而且ROV是双体结构(中继器+作业ROV),不能进行同时放缆,容易发生缠绕;
|
||||||
|
- 如果考虑探索二号纤维缆进行布放,在未坐底情况下,载人潜水器靠近进行拉动移位,风险过高。DU周边是钢结构,一旦撞击观察窗,会发生危险,另外水中重量1.8T,载人潜水器机械手可能也无法拉动。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
可考虑的对策方案包括:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- 如果是HOV对DU进行水下移位,那就必须是DU坐底而且布放缆脱钩之后,再进行作业。载人潜水器的机械手能力60kg,这种方案之下,DU在被移位的时候,水中重量不能超过60kg。如果DU布放过程中是60kg,质量过轻,纤维缆布放困难,水下受流影响更大。DU上增加浮力调节模块或者类似KM3Net早期的LOM上添加的Hoisting Frame/Crown/Floatation Acoustic Release frame,这个方案是否可行?
|
||||||
|
- 如果是ROV对DU进行水下移位,就需要两船同时作业,或者单船A架和ROV分开布放。可考虑的组合包括:(1)“探索二号”船携带ROV就位,另需一艘布放作业船,需要具备DP定位能力以及4000米地质缆布放能力;(2)“探索二号”船作为布放船,海洋地质六号携带“海马”号ROV进行水下作业;(3)选择其他类似Optimus Prime或者Handin Tide的海洋工程作业船。比如2025年,“探索三号”投入应用,具备单船ROV和地质缆同时入水的能力,可考虑进行施工作业。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**新的技术路线:**
|
||||||
|
- ------
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
针对LOM/DU的水下施工,难点在于其一次布放精度无法满足1米的位置精度要求;另外,由于LOM/DU自身不具备水下自主航行能力,因此需要借助ROV进行水下二次移位操作。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- 如果一次布放精度能够满足1米精度要求,则不需要进行二次辅助。建议可调研中海辉固、中海油工程团队,了解他们这方面的经验和建议;
|
||||||
|
- 如果LOM/DU自身具备水下自主/遥控航行能力,也不需要进行二次辅助。这一项颠覆性路径,有可能催生“深海运载平台”的通用技术和装备,从研发和技术创新角度附加值比较高。建议深海所和交大合作,利用基站、多位点漫游者着陆器的技术基础,和交大的LOM/DU设计基础,围绕Autonomous Underwater Launch Vehicle (AULV)的概念进行技术和装备设计。这条路线,对大规模布放施工的成本控制以及技术溢出效益都更值得考虑。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Binary file not shown.
|
After Width: | Height: | Size: 735 KiB |
Binary file not shown.
|
After Width: | Height: | Size: 500 KiB |
Binary file not shown.
|
After Width: | Height: | Size: 1.6 MiB |
Loading…
Reference in New Issue